whooping cough new brunswick Whooping cough, or pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory disease known for severe coughing fits that can affect individuals of all ages. In New Brunswick, the disease poses significant public health challenges, particularly during outbreaks.
Understanding Whooping Cough
Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It typically begins with cold-like symptoms, including a runny nose, mild fever, and mild cough. Within one to two weeks, the cough becomes more severe, leading to prolonged coughing fits that may produce a characteristic “whooping” sound as the individual gasps for air. These episodes can result in vomiting, exhaustion, and, in severe cases, complications such as pneumonia, seizures, or encephalopathy.
Transmission and Risk Factors
Whooping cough spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It is highly contagious, with a single person capable of infecting up to 15 others. Infants under one year are at the highest risk for severe complications, especially those too young to be fully vaccinated. Unvaccinated or under-vaccinated individuals, as well as those with waning immunity, are also susceptible.
Vaccination and Prevention in New Brunswick
Vaccination remains the most effective defense against whooping cough. In New Brunswick, the Routine Immunization Schedule includes:
Infants and Children: Vaccinations at two, four, six, and 18 months, with a booster before starting school.
Adolescents: A booster dose in Grade 7.
Adults: A single dose for those who haven’t received it in adulthood, especially important for individuals in regular contact with infants.
Pregnant Individuals: A dose during each pregnancy in the third trimester, regardless of prior immunization history.
Vaccines are available through Public Health offices, primary care providers, and local pharmacies. Maintaining up-to-date vaccinations is crucial for individual and community health.
Recent Outbreaks in New Brunswick
In 2024, New Brunswick experienced a significant pertussis outbreak. Initially declared in the Acadian Peninsula in June, the outbreak expanded province-wide by August. By December 12, 831 cases were reported, marking the largest outbreak since 2012. The majority of cases occurred in Zone 1 (Moncton, Salisbury, Shediac), with notable numbers in Zone 6 (Bathurst, Tracadie, Caraquet). This resurgence underscores the importance of vaccination and public health vigilance.
Public Health Response and Recommendations
New Brunswick’s public health authorities have emphasized several measures:
Vaccination: Encouraging timely immunizations across all age groups.
Hygiene Practices: Regular handwashing, respiratory etiquette (coughing/sneezing into the elbow), and disinfecting high-touch surfaces.
Ventilation: Improving indoor air quality by opening windows or doors when possible.
Staying Home When Ill: Avoiding contact with others, especially vulnerable populations, when exhibiting symptoms.
These strategies aim to reduce transmission and protect high-risk groups, particularly infants and young children.
Recognizing Symptoms and Seeking Care
Early recognition of pertussis is vital. Individuals should consult healthcare providers if they experience:
Coughing fits or a cough with a “whoop.”
Fever and cold-like symptoms unmanageable at home.
A persistent cough lasting more than a week without improvement.
Cold-like symptoms following exposure to someone with whooping cough.
Prompt medical assessment can lead to appropriate testing and treatment, reducing the risk of complications and further transmission.
Conclusion
Whooping cough remains a public health concern in New Brunswick, with recent outbreaks highlighting the need for continued vigilance. Adhering to vaccination schedules, practicing good hygiene, and seeking timely medical care are essential steps in controlling the spread of pertussis and safeguarding the health of all residents.
